The Law of Truly Large Numbers

The Law of Truly Large Numbers
With a large enough sample, any outrageous thing is likely to happen. The point is that truly rare events, say events that occur only once in a million [as the mathematician Littlewood (1953) required for an event to be surprising] are bound to be plentiful in a population of 250 million people. If a coincidence occurs to one person in a million each day, then we expect 250 occurrences a day and close to 100,000 such occurrences a year.

Going from a year to a lifetime and from the population of the United States to that of the world (5 billion at this writing), we can be absolutely sure that we will see incredibly remarkable events. When such events occur, they are often noted and recorded. If they happen to us or someone we know, it is hard to escape that spooky feeling.

http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/05/methods-for-studying-coincidences/


28 April 2012

Baseball Prospectus | The BP Wayback Machine: Pitching to the Score

Baseball Prospectus | The BP Wayback Machine: Pitching to the Score: "The late Greg Spira tackled the notion that certain hurlers "pitch to the score" in the following piece, which was originally published in Baseball Prospectus 1997.


One of the game's great chestnuts is the theory that some pitchers "pitch to the score" and "know how to win" in a way other than always allowing the fewest number of runs possible. The reverse, that some pitchers tend to give up runs more often in close games, is also a popular theory, though it's invoked less often. This, some say, makes it worthwhile to look at a pitchers' won-loss record in addition to his ERA to judge his effectiveness, because the number of runs a pitcher allows would then not be completely indicative of his value to his team, if he gives up those runs in a way that contributes to more wins than the average pitcher with the same rate of runs allowed."

'via Blog this'

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